COVID-19 Infection and Arterial Hypertension: Literature Review of the Relationship Between the Two Entities

Abstract

Background: To breakdown the relationship and its nature between the two pathological entities Arterial hypertension (AHT) and SARS-COV-2 infection. Literature analysis of existing literature on both the topics have been utilized. Sources include journals, books, existing publications and online platforms like Google Academic, PubMed, HINARI were used as search engines. Additionally, guidelines and circulars from European Society of Cardiology, American Heart Association and other respective bodies were also referred. Data from large meta-analyses and clinical studies were included to bring out the relationship study. Pathophysiological breakdown of the two entities, contradicting proposals regarding treatment, new treatment modalities and de novo onset of AHT in post-covid infection were included to delineate the relationship between the two pathological entities. Conclusions: Findings emphasize that the role of arterial hypertension in SARS-COV-2 infection is mediated through its effect on the regulation of RAAS, inflammation and immune responses. In contrast to the effect of arterial hypertension on patients with SARS-COV-2 infection, de-novo arterial hypertension was also reported in post SARS-COV-2 infection patients on follow up. Though some initial studies hypothesized that RAAS inhibitors may add to clinical adversities, most studies afterward disproved the same and in fact revealed a protective role of the same. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is proposed as a treatment option in SARS-COV-2 infection.