Smart Multistage Queue (SMQ) for Effective Congestion Management in IoT

Abstract

The issue of congestion is highly acute in dense Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). It results in performance degradation, packet loss, and even energy wastage when numerous flows of traffic exist with only one sink. In this paper, we introduce a new Multistage Queue-based Congestion Management System (MQ-CMS) that is implemented at the node level to alleviate congestion symptoms in a proactive manner and identifies congestion prior. The proposed system uses a multistage queue occupancy mechanism to track buffer congestion and redirect traffic through environmentally friendly less congested zones. Simulations using ns-2.35 showed that MQ-CMS greatly improved the packet delivery ratio, throughput, and end-to-end delay in comparison with Congestion Avoidance through Fairness (CAF), and No Congestion Control (NOCC) protocols. MQ-CMS outperformed packet delivery ratios by 33% and 54%, respectively, over CAF and NOCC, as well as improved throughput levels by 16% and 36%. This approach offers a strong congestion management solution for increasing sensor networks in IoT environments, as it operates efficiently in dense WSNs.