Redefining Masculinity and Feminity in Matriarchal Societies

Abstract

This paper examines the way in which matriarchal societies challenge the dominant patriarchy by redefining feminist and masculinity via alternative gender power structures. Using sociological and ethnographic case studies-including the Khasi and Garo tribes of India, and the Mosuo of China, this study argues that gender roles are not natural or predetermined but socially constructed and shaped in regards to circumstances. In these cultures, women inherit property and hold household authority, while men take up the supportive, communal and ritualistic roles. These arrangements in the society displace hegemonic masculinity and promote balanced and cooperative gender identities. This paper underlines the cultural fluidity of gender and presents insights into how equitable gender relations can be sustained. The paper is a contribution to ongoing sociological debates on gender, power and cultural variation.