2D FEM Analysis of Tunnel Segment

Abstract

Tunnel is a horizontal passage constructed below the ground level. Tunnels are excavated through different methods, like by manually, by using explosives or by using modern machine tools or use of combination of these methods. Tunnels are designed in such a way that it opposes forces like tension, compression, shear and torsion, tunnels are made of strong materials, like masonry, concrete, iron and steel. Tunnels are broadly categorised in different groups, tunnels for mining purpose, public utilities, and transportation. Tunnels could of many shapes, but general shapes are rectangular, circular, curvilinear or horse-shoe types. There are many challenges are encountered while construction of a tunnel and almost every tunnel has unique solution to its challenges and problems. Challenges can be water bodies, mountains, other natural or manmade obstacles. The method of tunnel construction depends mainly upon the type of soil strata through which it is going to pass. A thorough geological study of the ground are conducted to know the type of material through which the tunnel needs to construct, to access relative risks of different location (like soil and rock types, faults and shear zones, ground water etc.). This paper is to present 2D FEM analysis for segment design for Bored tunnels.